What is Zigbee? Everything You Need to Know

You might have heard about Zigbee if you have used smart devices. It is a protocol that helps in connecting devices and getting the work done wirelessly.

In this article, we will dive deeper into the Zigbee technology. We will explain what Zigbee is and how it works. We will explain what you need to set up Zigbee and where it is commonly used. We will also compare Zigbee with other options to give you a better idea of the difference.

What is Zigbee?

Zigbee is a wireless protocol or technology that is used to connect devices and establish communication between them. It’s a standard-based technology that works on the IEEE standard 802.15.4. It was standardized in 2003, and then the standard was changed in 2006.

The distinct feature of Zigbee is its low power consumption. It can even be powered through small batteries and last for a long time. It is suitable for devices that need low-rate data transfer, such as lights and other smart devices. It is a low-cost option to communicate with the devices and the Internet of Things (IoT).

Zigbee works on 2.4GHz frequency. It is an affordable option compared to Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. Multiple compatible devices can also create a mesh and communicate. Indoors, it offers a range of 10-20 meters and can connect up to 65,000 devices on a single network. The best part is that it’s an open-source protocol, which means it’s free.

How Does Zigbee Work?

Zigbee operates on IEEE 802.15.4. It uses radio waves to communicate with the devices, usually at 2.4GHz.

It creates a mesh network, which means devices are connected with each other end to end like a daisy chain. When a message is sent within the network, it goes through different devices until it reaches the destination. The devices in the network are able to relay messages, so if it is not meant for them, the message is forwarded.

In a Zigbee network, there is a hub that controls all devices. It is just like a central system. Then, there are devices that work as a router. They enable communication and message relaying between devices. When the message is reached to the desired device, it performs the action on the end device, such as lights.

What Do I Need for A Zigbee Network?

For a Zigbee network, you will need three primary things. These are also called the components of the network.

Zigbee Coordinator

The first thing is the coordinator. It is the brain or administrator of the network or the hub. It establishes communication between all the connected devices in the network and allows you to control them.

For instance, you can download the Zigbee Coordinator application on your smartphone. Then, you can send a command to any device with the help of the application. Once the command reaches it, it is sent to the respective device. You will find different Smart Home Hubs that have Zigbee coordinators in them. You can connect Zigbee devices without any hassle.

Zigbee Router

The second component is the Zigbee router. It is responsible for relaying messages. For instance, when a message is sent to the network, it goes to the first device. If it is not meant for it, it is forwarded to another device. It goes on like that until the message reaches the desired device. The router in the network creates a route for the message to travel. It also plays the primary role of extending the network.

Zigbee End Device

The end devices are the battery-powered devices that react to the commands or messages. They are actuators or sensors, such as lights and thermostats. They receive the message from the router or coordinator, but they can’t route the message further.

What Platforms and Devices Use Zigbee?

Let’s see the usage of Zigbee on different platforms and devices.

Platform

Zigbee is compatible with a wide range of platforms. However, it is not frequently used or preferred.

The most popular option is the Samsung SmartThings Hub. It supports Zigbee devices and has a built-in coordinator for the purpose.

Amazon Echo Plus and Echo Show are also compatible with Zigbee. They are meant for connecting Zigbee devices and controlling the network via the voice assistant.

Other than these, we also have the following platforms for Zigbee:

• Hubitat Elevation Hub
• Google Home Hub
• Philips Hue Bridge
• Abode
• Homey Pro
• Aeotec Smart Home Hub
• Google Nest Hub Max

Devices

You can find tons of Zigbee-compatible devices. These can be smart plugs, lights, thermostats, switches, sensors, locks, security cameras, etc. Almost all types of devices that require wireless connection can be Zigbee compatible.

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What is Zigbee Used For?

Zigbee is specifically made for applications where the data transfer isn’t high. For instance, turning a light on/off does not require too much data. That said, it could be the ideal application of Zigbee. It’s an affordable and low-power option to communicate with devices.

Zigbee is commonly used to operate:

• Lights
• Switches
• Locks
• Thermostats
• Sensors
• Cameras

You can control all these devices via your smartphone or voice. You can automate things and make your home smart.

Comparison with Other Wireless Technologies

We have Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Z-wave as alternatives to Zigbee. All these are wireless technologies used for different applications.

Zigbee vs. Wi-Fi

Zigbee is a low-power and low-data wireless technology. It can transmit only a small amount of data from one device to another. It works within 10-20 meters, and you can connect thousands of devices without any issues. It’s capable of creating a mesh network where devices are connected in a daisy chain. Moreover, it is a bit costly compared to Wi-Fi due to the need for additional devices.

In contrast, Wi-Fi is a widely used option for wireless communication. It is meant for transferring data at a high speed and can handle data in bulk. It consumes more power and offers a range of 30-100 meters, which can also be increased up to 500 meters via Wi-Fi repeaters. It offers better security, speed, data transfer, and other advanced features.

Zigbee vs. Bluetooth

Bluetooth is preferred for connecting devices wirelessly. It is suitable for connecting with smartwatches, cameras, audio devices, etc. It consumes more power compared to Zigbee and offers the same range, which is 10-30 meters. It connects the device directly to the hub or coordinator instead of creating a mesh. However, the data transfer rate is lower than Zigbee, which is the reason it is preferred for applications where data transfer is minimal.

Zigbee vs. Z-Wave

Z-wave also works on radio waves similar to Zigbee, but it utilizes a 900MHz band. It offers a better connection with an improved range of 30-100 meters. It is suitable for peer-to-peer networks and can handle low data transfer rates of up to 100 kbps. However, it offers robust security. Due to less adoption, it is a bit more expensive compared to Zigbee.

FAQs

1. What is a Zigbee hub? Do I need it?

A Zigbee hub is the brain of the network or central device that establishes connections and sends messages. It is not necessary, but it is required if the network is large. You can seamlessly control multiple devices with one coordinator.

2. Is Zigbee still being used?

Yes, Zigbee is still used, and numerous smart hubs like Samsung SmartThings Hub and Amazon Echo Plus offer compatibility. It is still used to control devices in a smart home.

3. Is Zigbee better than Wi-Fi?

Zigbee is only suitable for low-power and low-data applications. It can’t handle high data transfers like Wi-Fi.

Conclusion

Zigbee is one of the wireless technologies used to control smart devices at home. It is a low-power option that can transfer data at low speed. However, it is capable of creating a mesh network and connecting thousands of devices. We have discussed its working in detail along with the things you need to use it and compatible platforms and devices. We have also compared with other popular wireless options for quick comparison. After reading this article, you might have a clear idea of what Zigbee is and when it’s used.